How do wind turbines generate electricity?

• A. The wind turns the blades, spinning a generator that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
• B. The wind heats a boiler to produce steam for a turbine.
• C. The wind directly charges batteries without generating electricity.
• D. The wind forces air through turbines to create wind-lift energy.

Answer: (A)

The essential idea is that wind turbines transform wind’s motion into usable electrical energy through a two-step energy transfer. The wind’s kinetic energy pushes the blades, causing the rotor to spin. That rotational (mechanical) energy is then converted into electrical energy by a generator—via electromagnetic induction—so the rotating motion produces electricity that can be fed to the grid (often after conditioning and speed matching, sometimes using a gearbox or, in some designs, direct-drive). The power you get depends on wind speed and turbine design, and it’s limited by aerodynamic factors like the Betz limit, which describes how much of the wind’s energy can be captured.

The other ideas don’t fit because heating a boiler is how thermal power plants generate steam to drive a turbine, not wind turbines; wind turbines don’t directly charge batteries without converting energy first; and simply forcing air through a turbine to create energy isn’t how electricity is produced—the conversion from mechanical energy to electrical energy via a generator is essential.